Brazil heads to the polls for high-stakes election between Lula and Flavio Bolsonaro
France 24 · LC · trust 52/100
Brazilians began casting their votes on Sunday in a closely watch presidential election pitting incumbent President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva against right-wing Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, son of former president Jair Bolsonaro. Nearly 160 million voters will also pick lawmakers, senators and governors in an election that will determine whether Latin America's biggest nation follows a regional swing to the right championed by US President Donald Trump.
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If no candidate gets more than 50 percent of the vote, the top two vote-getters will head to a runoff on October 25 in Latin America 's economic powerhouse. Ten other candidates are expected to garner much smaller numbers of votes on Sunday.
Bolsonaro, 45, is the son of far-right former president Jair Bolsonaro and an ally of US President Donald Trump . Lula, who at 80 is one of the world’s oldest heads of state, is running in his seventh presidential election and has strengthened Brazil 's ties with Beijing .
Read more Flavio Bolsonaro: In the name of the father, sons, and holy ideology
Trump allies have found support in recent years in some Latin American countries, including Argentina , Colombia and Peru .
Nearly 159 million Brazilians are eligible to vote in this tense political showdown.
A polling station in the Vao do Moleque community, a historic settlement of descendants of enslaved Africans, in the northern town of Cavalcante, on October 4, 2026. © Adriano Machado, Reuters Where Bolsonaro has leaned into his ideological alliance with Trump, Lula has criticised Washington.
The incumbent president has often spoken about risks of US intervention in the Brazilian elections after the Trump administration imposed high tariffs against Brazilian exports, revoked the visa of the country’s ambassador in Washington and sanctioned a Supreme Court justice who chaired the investigation that ended up resulting in the sentencing of Jair Bolsonaro, Lula's predecessor.
Flávio Bolsonaro has touted his proximity to the White House and insisted that Brazil needs to strike better deals with the Trump administration, including the rare minerals economy. Brazil estimates that its deposits hold up to 21 million tons, second only to China . Bolsonaro also has campaigned on releasing his father from his 27-year prison sentence for attempting a coup and bringing him back to politics.
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“That narrative won't stick, sorry,” he said at a September campaign event.
Brazilians will also elect 27 state governors, members of state legislatures, all 513 federal members of the lower house of congress and 54 of the country’s 81 senators in Sunday's vote.
Thomas Traumann, a political consultant based in Rio de Janeiro , says last-minute mistakes by either candidate or by their allies could make all the difference for undecided voters.
“Polarisation in Brazil created a trap. There’s no third candidate. You only have two options, and they fight each other in an atmosphere that becomes worse and worse,” Traumann said. “It is much more a competition of accusations than a competition of proposals.”
Four years ago, Lula beat Jair Bolsonaro by 2.1 million votes – a margin of just under 2 percentage points. At the time, Brazilians were upset with the then president’s handling of the coronavirus pandemic, his repeated threats against democracy, his attacks on the electronic voting system, and the poor shape of the nation’s economy as inflation was on the rise.
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Carlos Melo, a political science professor at Insper University in Sao Paulo, says some voters have grown weary of Lula, who is seeking a fourth nonconsecutive term as president. He is one of the oldest presidents on the continent, along with Trump and Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega , both of whom also are 80.
Read more 'Banking on a national brand': Bolsonaro sons Carlos, Jair Renan run for power in Brazil's south
“Many in the Lula campaign were not expecting such a difficult election a few weeks ago, and it is clear to them that the present election is a tough battle and the next ones, without Lula, could be even more so,” Melo said.
Bolsonaro has seen his political career tainted by several corruption accusations, the latest of them involving a disgraced banker paying him millions of dollars, allegedly to produce a movie on his father's life. More recently, he has been under fire from Roman Catholics who fear he might make too many concessions to his evangelical base.
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